~ Le Viêt Nam, aujourd'hui. ~
The Vietnam News

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It's a hard sell

The ad industry may be small, but it's beginning to grow as companies learn to push their products

HO CHI MINH CITY - A quirky new TV commercial has been turning heads lately in Vietnam. The 20-second spot begins with a disembodied hand roaming over a row of unlabelled plastic bottles and jars. The hand picks up one bottle then quickly puts it down, as the soundtrack emits a small sigh. A message flashes across the screen: "Without advertising, how will the customer know?" Zoom in on the green apricot logo for Mai Thanh, a Vietnamese advertising firm based in Ho Chi Minh City.

The ad speaks volumes about the need to educate Vietnamese companies on the importance of promoting themselves. In this nascent market, where print and TV ad expenditures were merely $121 million last year, foreign and joint-venture companies dominate, while local firms supply only 10% of the ads. "It takes 10 times longer to convince a local client. They don't see the need to build a brand," says Mai Thanh's managing director, Tran Thi Thanh Mai.

Mai's need to advertise for herself--and her entire industry--isn't surprising given Vietnam's belated transition to a market economy. Most state-owned firms have minimal experience with advertising, while many private firms remain small start-ups. One local agency reckons that only 200 out of a total of 80,000 Vietnamese companies have ad budgets.

Still, some foreign ad agencies view Vietnam as a promising market. They point to an emerging consumer class, the country's relatively strong GDP growth, which the World Bank estimates is at about 5%, and the 30% increase in ad spending annually over the past two years as good signs. These days, the 20 foreign ad firms in Vietnam are staffing up with both expatriates and locals to meet the demands of multinational clients active across the region, while also aiming to get new business from local joint ventures.

Local competition

Hovering in the wings are the 15 full-service Vietnamese agencies like Mai's. A slew of self-described "advertising" companies have also cropped up, thanks to a recent law that vastly simplified procedures for starting new businesses. Even if most of these 700 Vietnamese companies are doing no more than painting billboards, conducting door-to-door promotions or designing layouts, they are eager to acquire more sophisticated tools of the trade. "They think it's easy to make money," notes one analyst. There are also signs that some local businesses are discovering the benefits of promoting consumer awareness. In the first six months of this year, 95 out of the 118 companies running ad campaigns for the first time on Vietnamese TV were local companies, according to market-research firm Taylor Nelson Sofres Vietnam.

The good news hasn't erased the bad memories of the 1990s, when the industry suffered a rough ride. Anxious to protect local culture, the government ripped down English-language billboards and imposed strict censorship. Today, English ads remain taboo. But Vietnam's advertising industry is looking towards new business opportunities as the nation moves to integrate with the global economy.

Protectionist policies toward local ad firms are being phased out. The system began changing in June, when J. Walter Thompson Vietnam--the country's first 100% foreign-owned ad agency--won a licence to handle media buying directly. Vietnam initially sought to protect local agencies by preventing foreign agencies from buying space in media outlets. In other words, the foreign agency could help the client dream up the concept and produce the ad, but it needed to hire a local firm to buy space in newspapers and air time. That's now changed. "When you book through another local company, you waste time and money," explains Chu Thi Hong Anh, president of J. Walter Thompson Vietnam.

The Vietnam Advertising Association expresses confidence that the Vietnamese agencies will eventually triumph. Tran Trong Uyen, deputy director of the Youth Advertising Company, draws inspiration from the recent soccer World Cup: "The Korean team beat the Italians, so we believe we can do it."

By Margot Cohen - The Far Eastern Economic Review - July 18, 2002.