~ Le Viêt Nam, aujourd'hui. ~
The Vietnam News

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[Year 2001]

Vietnam communists congress fails to engage disenchanted youth

HANOI - Vietnam's communist authorities gave blanket media coverage to the opening of their five-yearly congress Thursday but the power struggles which have riven the political elite hold scant interest for a young population whose main worry is to find a job. In his welcoming speech to congress delegates, the speaker of Hanoi's municipal assembly, Pham Loi, insisted all eyes in the capital were riveted to the live coverage of the opening session carried by all three state television channels.

But outside the tight security cordon which blocked off the whole area around the conference hall, ordinary people continued their lives as normal. The large crowds around television sets which characterize some state funerals here were nowhere to be seen. A group of students told AFP they had no interest in the behind-the-scenes leadership battles which have so fixated the foreign media. "What does it matter who is party secretary general, it's not going to help me find a job," one young student said. She said her father, a retired diplomat, faithfully read the party daily every day, but she spent her time taking extra classes in English and French. Another student said he had listened to foreign media reports of the political infighting which dominated the run-up to the congress. But he insisted the atmosphere of fear which had gripped Vietnam's political elite during the bitter feuding was not the cause of his disinterest.

"I don't have a say in the process so why should I be interested. You're much better off doing some extra studying or having a beer and watching the football." A waitress insisted that the only people who got interested in politics were those with contacts. "If you want a job in a government ministry, you have to have a patron. Otherwise you end up serving drinks like me," she said in perfect English. An acute fear of unemployment hangs over all of Vietnam's mainly young population, most of whom were born after the bitter war with the United States on which the communist authorities still base much of their legitimacy.

Even graduates are not immune in a country where 1.7 million post-war babyboomers join the 40-million strong workforce every year. But the scale of disenchantment among young people in a country where politics looms so large makes a mockery of the much-vaunted popular consultation exercise launched by the authorities in the run-up to the party congress. The draft political and economic reports which were published in all official newspapers here elicited millions of comments from party members and the general public, congress spokesman Huu Tho told reporters. A battery of party staff condensed them into 69 A4 pages to be presented to delegates.

"It is our policy to ensure popular participation ... throughout the process of preparing for any important policies," Tho said. One student acknowledged his father had sent in a contribution but insisted it was only because he was a veteran of Vietnam's wartime struggles who still held faith with the party despite his children's disenchantment. A decade after the collapse of its Eastern bloc sponsors, the Communist Party of Vietnam does still maintain a substantial membership. It currently numbers more than 2.4 million in a poplation of 78 million, Tho said.

But the age range of congress delegates provides some clue why the party has failed to engage a young generation which doesn't necessarily share their parents' Confucian respect for age. Just 21.9 percent of the 1,168 who made it to the congress were under the age of 40, while 54.9 percent were in their 50s and one was as old as 84. Nearly two-thirds were veterans of the party's wartime struggles, while only 440 had joined since the Vietnam War ended in 1975.

Agence France Presse - April 19, 2001.


Vietnam economic plans pay little heed to worsening rural unrest

HANOI - Vietnam's ruling communist party set out its economic policies for the next decade Thursday amid a growing polarisation between the big cities and the countryside, which has sparked protests, riots and worsening ethnic unrest. In recent weeks officials have spoken with growing urgency of the need to tackle the mounting marginalization of the countryside which has alienated the party's traditional bedrock support, the peasantry, bringing a steady flow of protestors into the big cities.

But a development strategy for the next decade submitted to the party's five yearly congress made few concessions to the mounting wave of rural anger. The document did include a short section on the importance of raising the living standards of Vietnam's 54 ethnic minorities after violent protests among the mainly Christian peoples of the central highlands prompted an army crackdown in early February. The party needed to do more "to realise properly the ethnicity policy (and) actually improve the material and cultural living standards of ethnic minority people," the document said. But it maintained the party's longstanding strategy of prioritising large-scale infrastructure, migration and cash crop plantation projects which has fanned the anger of the highlands' minorities.

The region should be seen as an "important strategic location" in both "socio-economic and defence-security terms," the document said. The party would continue its policy of forcibly phasing out the traditional shifting agriculture of the highlanders and "relocate the population and labour force according to plans." It would also continue the development of the region for "intensive farming (of) industrial crops," like coffee, pepper and rubber, which has sparked a huge influx of Vietnamese settlers in recent years fanning the ethnic tensions. The document made no mention of the worldwide slump in agricultural commodity prices which has forced many highlands farmers to sell their crops at a loss, undermining the rationale of the development programme. Overall the document stressed that the party's priority remained the development of "key economic zones" as an "engine for rapid growth," although it would also be "enabling and investing more adequately in difficulty-laden regions."

The government has set the ambitious target of "at least doubling" Gross Domestic Product over the next decade and raising exports at at least double that level. But international lenders have repeatedly warned that even if the government pulls off the "difficult but achievable" target, it will only lead to a significant reduction in poverty if the growth is evenly spread. Average incomes in Vietnam's commercial capital of Ho Chi Minh City, which still attracts the lion's share of inward investment, run as high as 1,200 dollars a year against less than 200 dollars in the impoverished northern mountains. The party vowed to press ahead with a long-awaited rationalisation of the country's small but loss-making state sector and reform of the state-owned banks. The World Bank and IMF have thrashed out a package of several hundred milllion dollars over three years to help cushion the social impact of reforms which are expected to entail some 100,000 redundancies a year.

But the party insisted that the "leading role of the state economic sector" would still be "enhanced, governing key sectors of the economy." International lenders have expressed mounting fears that the communist authorities may be tempted to waste badly needed funds on an ill-judged attempt to shore up state-owned firms against the threat of increased competition as they open up Vietnam's economy to the outside world.

Agence France Presse - April 19, 2001.